1. The Great Stupa (Stupa No. 1)
The centerpiece of Sanchi, the Great Stupa, is a magnificent structure that stands as a symbol of the Buddha’s teachings. Its hemispherical dome, surrounded by four intricately carved toranas (gateways), is a masterpiece of ancient Indian architecture. The toranas depict various scenes from the life of the Buddha, as well as symbols of Buddhist cosmology and teachings.
2. Stupa No. 2
Located on a lower terrace, Stupa No. 2 is notable for its richly decorated stone railings, which feature elaborate carvings of flora, fauna, and mythical creatures. This smaller stupa is believed to have housed the relics of important Buddhist figures and offers a quieter, more intimate experience compared to the Great Stupa.
3. Stupa No. 3
Stupa No. 3, situated near the Great Stupa, is known for its elegant structure and the well-preserved relic caskets found within. It also has a single torana, which is simpler in design but still rich in symbolic meaning. This stupa is thought to have enshrined the relics of two of the Buddha’s foremost disciples, Sariputra and Mahamoggallana.
4. Ashoka Pillar
The Ashoka Pillar at Sanchi, though partially broken, is an iconic monument that showcases the Mauryan emperor’s dedication to spreading Buddhist ideals. The pillar, with its polished sandstone surface and graceful lion capital, is reminiscent of the famous Ashokan pillars found at other Buddhist sites, symbolizing the emperor’s power and piety.
5. The Eastern Gateway
One of the four gateways of the Great Stupa, the Eastern Gateway is particularly significant as it is believed to represent the birth of the Buddha. The carvings on this gateway depict various scenes from his life, including the dream of Queen Maya, his mother, foretelling his birth.
6. The Sanchi Museum
Managed by the Archaeological Survey of India, the Sanchi Museum houses a remarkable collection of artifacts excavated from the Sanchi site and surrounding areas. Visitors can explore ancient sculptures, inscriptions, and relics that provide deeper insights into the history and cultural significance of Sanchi.
7. Monasteries and Viharas
The Sanchi complex includes the ruins of several monasteries (viharas) that were once centers of learning and meditation for Buddhist monks. These structures, though now in ruins, offer a glimpse into the monastic life that flourished at Sanchi and are a testament to the site’s role as a major religious and educational hub.
8. Temple 17
Temple 17 is a small but significant Gupta-era temple located within the Sanchi complex. It is one of the earliest examples of temple architecture in India, with a simple yet elegant design. The temple’s flat roof and square sanctum reflect the architectural style of the early Gupta period.
9. Temple 45
Temple 45, one of the later additions to the Sanchi complex, dates back to the 7th century CE. Though now in ruins, it was once a large and ornate structure that served as a major place of worship. The temple is an excellent example of the evolution of temple architecture in India.
10. The Southern Gateway
The Southern Gateway of the Great Stupa is renowned for its detailed carvings, which depict the enlightenment of the Buddha under the Bodhi tree. This gateway offers a rich visual narrative of the Buddha’s journey to enlightenment and the various events that followed.
